Urban and Regional Planning in India

Urban and Regional Planning in India

A Handbook for Professional Practice


S. K. Kulshrestha
School of Planning and Architecture

Publication Date: 2026

The definitive guide to urban and regional planning practice in a changing India.

India’s planning ecosystem has undergone a fundamental transformation. With the end of the Five-Year Plan era, the transition to NITI Aayog, and the reorientation of urban policy under MoHUA, today’s planners operate within a far more complex professional and institutional landscape. At the same time, revised standards and ethical frameworks introduced by the Institute of Town Planners, India (ITPI) have reshaped professional practice.

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The definitive guide to urban and regional planning practice in a changing India. India’s planning ecosystem has undergone a fundamental transformation. With the end of the Five-Year Plan era, the transition to NITI Aayog, and the reorientation of urban policy under MoHUA, today’s planners operate within a far more complex professional and institutional landscape. At the same time, revised standards and ethical frameworks introduced by the Institute of Town Planners, India (ITPI) have reshaped professional practice. In this updated second edition, Dr S. K. Kulshrestha provides an authoritative, practice-focused roadmap for contemporary planners. Incorporating the latest ITPI fee structures, person-month–based calculations, and the 2024 amendments to the Code of Professional Conduct, the book connects traditional planning principles with the realities of modern consultancy. Concise, practical, and grounded in professional experience, this edition bridges academic training and real-world practice—making it an essential resource for students, practitioners, and planning professionals across India.
  1. PART ONE: THE PROFESSION AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
  2. Chapter 1: The Profession, Roles, Responsibilities and Ethics
    1. What Is Urban and Regional Planning?
    2. Recent Reforms in the Planning System
    3. Professional Planning Practice
    4. Classification of Assignments
    5. Types of Professional Planning Practice
    6. Who Is a Spatial Planner?
    7. Role of a Spatial Planner
    8. Qualities and Responsibilities of a Spatial Planner
    9. Who Are the Clients?
    10. Role of the Client
    11. Code of Professional Conduct
    12. Code of Professional Conduct of Members of ITPI
  3. PART TWO: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES
  4. Chapter 2: Professional Practice in the Public Sector
    1. Introduction
    2. Planning Practice at the National Level
    3. Planning Practice at the Interstate Level
    4. Planning Practice at the State Government Level
    5. Planning Practice at the District Level
    6. Planning at the Metropolitan Area Level
    7. Planning Practice at the Local Level
    8. Consultancy Practice in the Public Sector
    9. Spatial Planning Education and Research
    10. Inter-Agency Relationship
    11. The Government as a Facilitator of Public Sector Planning
  5. Chapter 3: Initiation of the Private Sector in Spatial Planning Process
    1. Introduction
    2. Appointment of Consultants
    3. Appointment of Contractors
    4. Appointment of Developers
  6. Chapter 4: Professional Practice in the Private Sector
    1. The Existing Scenario
    2. The Need for Private Sector Involvement
    3. Types of Private Sector Participants
    4. Consultants
    5. Contractors
    6. Developers
    7. Systems of Private Sector Participation
    8. Conclusion
  7. Chapter 5: Professional Practice in the Joint Sector
    1. What Is the Joint Sector?
    2. Public–Private Partnership
    3. Conventional Private Sector Participation versus Joint Sector Partnership
    4. Models of PPP
    5. Public–Public Partnership
    6. Case Studies of Joint Ventures
  8. Chapter 6: International Urban Planning Practice under WTO–GATS
    1. Introduction
    2. General Agreement on Trade in Services
    3. Types of Services
    4. Obligations Under GATS
    5. Modes of Supply of Services
    6. Current Commitments
    7. Opportunities and Threats
  9. PART THREE: PROFESSIONAL FEE AND PREPARATION OF CONSULTANCY PROPOSALS
  10. Chapter 7: Scale of Professional Fees and Charges
    1. Introduction
    2. Description of Consultancy Services
    3. Basis for Professional Fees Calculation
    4. Scale of Professional Fees Recommended by ITPI
    5. Sample Calculation of Fee
    6. Mode of Payment of Fees
  11. Chapter 8: Preparation of Consultancy Proposals
    1. What Is a Consultancy Proposal?
    2. General Structure of Consultancy Proposals
    3. Common Items of a Consultancy Proposal
  12. PART FOUR: LEGAL SUPPORT
  13. Chapter 9: Agreements and Contracts
    1. Definitions
    2. Essential Elements of Agreements/Contracts
    3. Performance of Agreements/Contracts
    4. Role of Consultant in Works Contract
    5. Other Important Provisions of the Act
    6. General Principles for the Construction of the Terms of Contract
    7. Requirements of a Time-Essence Contract
    8. Format and Contents of Consultancy Agreements
    9. Format and Contents of Works Contract with Contractors
    10. Standard Agreements
    11. Agreements/Contracts with Developers
  14. PART FIVE: ESTABLISHMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF OFFICE
  15. Chapter 10: Organizing and Establishing Office
    1. Organizing Office: Introduction
    2. Formal Organization of Office
    3. Structure of Formal Organization of Office
    4. Variations to the Organizational Structures of office
    5. Choice of Organizational Structures of Office
    6. Mergers and Acquisitions
    7. Informal Organizations
    8. Establishing Office: Definitions
    9. Establishing a Proprietorship Office
    10. Establishing an Unregistered Corporate Office
    11. Establishing a Registered Corporate Office
    12. Formation of an NGO
    13. Setting Up of a Foreign Collaboration
    14. Closing Remark
  16. Chapter 11: Personnel Management and Performance Appraisal
    1. Introduction
    2. Personnel Management: Objective
    3. Understanding Human Behaviour
    4. Motivation Theories
    5. Decision Making
    6. Leadership
    7. Time Management
    8. Performance Appraisal
    9. Performance Appraisal Techniques
    10. Performance Appraisal Through Annual Confidential Reports
    11. ACR of Senior Officers
    12. ACR of Operative Staff
    13. Performance Appraisal Through Performance-Appraisal Report
    14. 360-Degree Appraisal
  17. ANNEXES

S. K. Kulshrestha
School of Planning and Architecture

S. K. Kulshrestha is a senior academic and planning professional with over four decades of experience in teaching, research and professional practice in urban and regional planning. He is a senior consultant in the field; a Visiting Professor at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi; the founder-editor of Spatio-economic Development Record (SDR), a journal on urban and regional planning published since 1994; and a Member of the Rajasthan Commission on Urbanisation.

Dr Kulshrestha has contributed to the preparation of master plans for ten major cities in India and Nigeria. He participated in the formulation of the Master Plan for Delhi 2001 and 2021, as well as the Regional Plan for the National Capital Region 2021, as a member of expert groups. He also served as the Principal Coordinator of the Government of India’s landmark research study, Urban Development Plan Formulation and Implementation (UDPFI) Guidelines.

He is the author of Dictionary of Urban and Regional Planning (2006), Urban Renewal in India (2018) and Planning Indian Megacity Regions (2022).


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